Currently the highest communication capacity of optical fiber cables
The current highest communication capacity achieved in optical fiber is 1.02 petabits per second over 1,808 kilometers using a 19-core optical fiber.
Record-Breaking Transmission
An international research team led by the National Institute of Information and Communications Technology (NICT) in Japan, in collaboration with Sumitomo Electric and several universities, set a new world record by transmitting 1.02 petabits per second (Pbps) over a distance of 1,808 km using a specially designed 19-core optical fiber with a standard 0.125 mm cladding diameter, compatible with existing fiber infrastructure (NICT, 2025) . This achievement represents the fastest long-distance transmission ever recorded in optical fiber.
Technology Behind the Record
- Multi-core fiber: The 19-core fiber allows multiple independent light paths within a single cladding, multiplying the data rate without increasing the fiber diameter.
- Low-loss across multiple wavelength bands: Optimized core arrangement reduces signal attenuation in both C-band and L-band wavelengths.
- Optical amplification system: A novel amplification relay was developed to simultaneously boost signals from all 19 cores, enabling long-distance transmission without significant signal degradation.
- Capacity-distance product: The experiment achieved a 1.86 exabits per second × km, the highest ever recorded, demonstrating both high capacity and long-distance capability.
Context and Comparison
- Previous high-capacity experiments using 19-core fibers achieved 1.7 Pbps but only over 63.5 km, highlighting the significance of extending the distance to nearly 1,800 km (NICT, 2025) .
- Other research has achieved hundreds of terabits per second over shorter distances (e.g., 378.9 Tbps over 50 km using multiband wavelength-division multiplexing) .
- Commercial submarine cables typically operate at 20 Tbps per fiber pair, while high-performance data centers use 100–400 Gbps per channel, showing that experimental capacities far exceed current commercial deployments .
Implications
This breakthrough demonstrates the potential for scalable, ultra-high-capacity networks capable of meeting the growing global demand for data. The combination of multi-core fibers, low-loss design, and advanced optical amplification paves the way for future long-haul, petabit-scale optical communication systems.
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